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Evolution Korea The financial crisis that hit Asia caused a major review of the old system of government and business alliances, as well as public management of risk. In Korea this meant a shift in the development paradigm. In a controversial move, South Korea's government has requested textbook publishers to ignore requests to eliminate examples of evolution from science textbooks for high school students. These include the evidence for the evolution of horses and the avian ancestral Archaeopteryx. 1. Evolution and Religion A South Korean creationist group has pushed textbook publishers to eliminate evidence of evolution from high-school science texts. The move was a result of a campaign by the Society for Textbook Revise (STR) which is an offshoot of the Korea Association for Creation Research which aims to get rid of biology textbooks of “atheist materialism.” The STR claims that such materialism paints an unhopeful picture for students, and could lead to their eventual loss of faith. Scientists across the globe expressed concern when the STR campaign gained attention. In a letter to the editor of Nature evolutionary biologist Jae Choe of Ewha Womans University in Seoul complained that South Korea had given in to religious prejudice. He was backed up by colleagues across the country, who set up a group called Evolution Korea to organize a petition against the changes to the textbooks. Some scientists are worried that the STR campaign will spread to other parts of the world, where the spread of creationism is increasing. The letter to Nature warned of the anti-evolutionist campaign putting pressure on textbook revisions, particularly in countries with large Christian and Muslim population. South Korea has a particularly powerful cultural backdrop for the evolution debate. Twenty-six percent of the country's citizens are members of an organized religion and the majority of them practice Christianity or Buddhism. Many Koreans also follow Ch'ondogyo, a philosophy based upon Confucian principles that is a strong advocate of social harmony, individual self-cultivation and self-respect. Ch'ondogyo is a way of teaching that the human being is one with Hanulnim the God of Sun, and that divine blessings are possible through good works. All of this has made creationism a fertile field. Several studies have shown that students who have religious backgrounds tend to feel more uncomfortable about learning about evolution than students without religion. The underlying causes are not clear. One possible explanation is that students with religious beliefs tend to be as familiar with scientific concepts and theories which makes them more vulnerable to the influence of creationists. Another reason could be that those with a religious background may view evolution as an idea that is not a religion, which makes them feel uncomfortable. 2. Evolution and Science In recent years, anti-evolution programs in schools have caused concern within the scientific community. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that over 40% of Americans believe that biological evolution is wrong and that believing in it could be in conflict with their faith-based beliefs. Many scientists believe that, despite the success of creationism, the best way to stop this movement is to educate the public about the evidence for evolution. Scientists have a duty to teach their students about science including the theory of evolution. They also need to inform the general public about the science process, and how scientific knowledge is collected and validated. They should explain how scientific theories are frequently challenged and modified. However, misconceptions regarding the nature of research conducted by scientists often fuel anti-evolution beliefs. Some people confuse the word “theory” as a hunch or guess. In the realm of science the theory is rigorously tested and verified through evidence. A theory that survives repeated testing and observation is a scientific principle. The debate over the evolutionary theory provides a great opportunity to discuss the importance of the scientific method and its limitations. It is crucial to be aware that science cannot provide answers to questions about life's purpose or meaning, but rather offers a way for living things to grow and adapt. A well-rounded education must include exposure to the vast majority of scientific fields that include evolutionary biology. This is especially important since the jobs that people have and the decisions they make require a understanding of how science functions. The vast majority of scientists across the world believe that humans have evolved over time. In a recent study, which predicted adults' views of the consensus on this topic, those with higher levels education and science knowledge were found to be more likely to believe there is a wide agreement among scientists regarding the evolution of humans. People with a higher level of religious belief but less scientific knowledge tend to disagree more. It is crucial that educators emphasize the importance of understanding this consensus to enable people to make informed decisions regarding the use of energy, health care, and other policy matters. 3. 에볼루션 바카라 and Culture Cultural evolution is a close cousin of the popular evolutionary theory. It explores how humans and other organisms learn from each other. Researchers in this field employ explanatory tools and investigative models that are adapted from evolutionary theorists and reach back to human prehistory to determine the origins of culture. This approach also acknowledges the distinction between cultural and biological traits. Cultural traits are acquired slowly while biological traits are mostly inherited simultaneously (in sexual species, at fertilization). The acquisition of one characteristic can affect the growth and development of a different. In Korea For instance the introduction of Western fashion elements in the late 19th and early 20th century was a result of a complicated sequence of events. One of the most significant was the arrival of Japanese occupation forces, who introduced Western hairstyles and clothing styles to Korean society. When Japan left Korea in the 1930s some of these trends began to change. By the end of World War II, Korea had once again unified but this time under the rule of the Choson dynasty. Today, Korea is a vibrant economic and political power. Despite the financial crisis of recent, Korea's economy has been growing at a steady pace over the last decade. It is expected to continue this growth in the future. The current government is faced with a variety of challenges. One of the biggest is the inability to come up with a consistent policy to address the economic crisis. The crisis has exposed weaknesses of the country's economic policies, including its excessive dependence on exports and foreign investment, which may not be sustainable over the long term. The crisis has shaken the confidence of investors. This means that the government needs to rethink its strategy and find other ways to boost the domestic demand. To ensure a stable financial climate, the government will have to overhaul its incentive, monitoring and discipline systems. This chapter provides a variety of scenarios of how the Korean economy could grow after the crisis. 4. Evolution and Education The challenge for educators of evolution is how to teach evolutionary concepts that are appropriate for various ages and stages of development. For 에볼루션게이밍 , teachers must be aware of the religious diversity of their classrooms and create a space where students with both religious and secular beliefs feel comfortable learning evolution. Teachers should also be able to identify common misconceptions regarding evolution and know how to correct them in the classroom. Teachers must also have quick access to the many resources that can be used to teach evolution. In this regard, the Thinking Evolutionarily Convocation played a significant role in bringing together evolutionary researchers and educators from a variety of sectors to discuss best practices for teaching about Evolution. The participants included representatives from scientific societies, educational researchers, officials from government funding agencies, and curriculum developers. The convergence of these diverse groups led to the identification of a common set of recommendations that will serve as the basis for future action. One important recommendation is that the subject of evolution should be integrated in all science curricula at any level. National Science Education Standards (NRC) that call for the integration of evolution across all life sciences, with an educational progression that is developmental appropriate, are a method to achieve this goal. A new publication from the NRC offers guidance to schools on how to integrate evolution into the science curriculum. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a more comprehensive presentation of evolution leads to better understanding by students and belief in the concept of evolution. However the estimation of causal effects in the classroom is a challenge given that school curricula are not randomly assigned and change over time because of the predetermined timing of gubernatorial elections and state board of education appointments. To overcome this problem I employ an ongoing dataset that gives me control for state and years fixed effects as well as individual-level variations in the beliefs of teachers regarding evolutionary theory. Teachers who are more comfortable teaching evolution also have fewer internal barriers. This is in line with the notion that faculty who are more confident are less likely to be hesitant about evolution-related topics in the classroom, and may be more inclined to employ strategies such as a reconciliatory approach that is known to boost the acceptance of undergraduate students of evolution.